Synthesize the Peer Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integrate the Peer Review - Research Paper Example To provide food these psychological issues numerous mental facilities are found, in which uncommon therapists are there to assist individuals with coming out of the psychological issues utilizing some extraordinary treatments and their own insight. Anyway it is suggested by the writer Lightner Witmer in his article that these therapists ought to be given uncommon trainings on brain science before managing the individuals who are experiencing an extreme time particularly in instruction. The mental facilities were especially worked for the youngsters who were experiencing mental issues which became preventions in their instructive professions however then they additionally end up being productive for the grown-ups going up against a similar circumstance. In addition clinical brain science can likewise be sought after as a vocation, as instructing, research directing and overseeing network programs. One of the procedures utilized by therapists to treat the patients of dysfunctional beha vior is may contemplation. Reflection is a path through which an individual can find out about his own continuous mental exercises, contemplations, convictions and decisions. It causes individuals to discover the issue existing in their mind and afterward take a stab at the arrangement.

Discuss in detail the Fugue from Bach Essay Example For Students

Talk about in detail the Fugue from Bach Essay To live is to endure. 1 Spitta claims that this thought is persevering all through the b minor fugue no. 24 from Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Book 1 and that it was Bachs reason to deliver an image of human wretchedness. 2 By taking a gander at this fugue, especially Bachs utilization of subject and counter-subject, this exposition will intend to find how advocated Spittas sentiments are. The course Largo is Bachs own and contrasting it with different fugues in the Tovey version, this fugue is extraordinary in being provided such a guidance by the writer himself. 3 The feeling immersed its creation may have been the reason Bach felt an exhibition course meaning gradually and impressive was important. 4 The fugue is the longest in the book maybe on the grounds that it was the last piece in the book, potentially in light of the fact that b minor was, as per Spitta, Bachs most loved key, yet almost certain so as to pass on torment and wretchedness adequately. 5 The subject appeared in figure 1 contains every one of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale and is depicted by Spitta as moaning, disheartened and torment stricken. 6 Upon tuning in to it there is a general inclination of disquiet. The six sets of trembles, slurring the interim of a minor second are depicted by Keller as a murmur thought process. 7 Each pair gives the audience a vibe of goals however followed by quick continuation, developing strain in the subject alone and in general the subject delineates the sentiment of wretchedness to the audience. The subject and its tonal answer both enter in full various occasions. So as to expand pressure further Bach utilizes little sections of the subject, prodding the audience into feeling that the subject has returned however then stopping it. This further upgrades enduring and hopelessness. Figure 2 shows this utilized on two separate events when just the initial three notes of the subject are heard. These notes give a sentiment of premonition and sound solemn against the light, fun, consecutive examples of the primary scene that go before and tail it. This gadget is likewise utilized in the main complete stretto entry of the piece appeared in figure 3. 8 Bach utilizes the initial 9 notes of the subject in the initial 3 sections and afterward at last the subject in full. It starts in the soprano in b. 41 followed by the alto in b. 42 then bass in b. 43 lastly in b. 44 the full subject starts in the tenor. This stretto fabricates pressure through its utilization of redundancy. The counter-subject in this fugue is very hard to arrange. In his examination, Iliffe orders the counter-subject as starting on the second note of b. 4 to the first not of b. 7. 9 As the fugue advances, be that as it may, the counter-subject is separated into different fragments which are utilized in various voices, in changing requests and in reversal. Kellers investigation of the counter-subject is appeared in figure 4 and is best as it separates it into an extension (a), the counter-subject (b) and a continuation section (c). 10 The counter-subject specifically is the main source of frictions and Keller says it has tireless cruelty further adding to the hopelessness and enduring delineated in the piece. 11 Bachs control of the counter-subject is another relationship to life. Things are not generally true to form and Bach plays with show. He utilizes themes from the counter subject in the third voice appeared in figure 5. Right off the bat the extension area is sounded in reversal (an) and afterward Bach upsets the initial three notes of the counter subject (b). The groupings between bars 17 21 are classed, by Iliffe, as the primary scene, however structure some portion of an all-encompassing article. .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .postImageUrl , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:hover , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:visited , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:active { border:0!important; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:active , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u 7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Chaucer Used Poetic Form EssayTypically the primary scene of a fugue denotes the beginning of the advancement however here, to delay the torment, Bach remains in the tonic and a repetitive section of the subject in b. 21 finishes the piece. 12 Splitting the counter-subject up and deceiving the audience by broadening the piece implies the fugue never sounds settled until its end. This makes the fugue one of a kind listening when contrasted with the others in the book. Albeit wonderful to tune in to this tenacious continuation is in a path languishing over the audience until the fugue closes. This can be compared to t he manner in which Bach saw life as consistent torment. There are some great yet disappointing minutes in the fugue where the audience expects a goals however the fugue just proceeds. In figure 6 the composition is reaching a conclusion and as the primary harmony of b. 24 is sounded the audience can nearly inhale a moan of help at the sound of an ideal rhythm. Bach doesnt permit this to keep going long however as the subsequent scene proceeds on the following semi-shake and the composition is finished, the audience scarcely having the opportunity to take in what has been heard beforehand similarly that life proceeds tenaciously. From the models indicated unmistakably Spittas sentiments are legitimate. A particularly chromatic subject with unordinary minor second interims makes the human hopelessness. The utilization of three counter-subject themes in various voices, reversals and requests mean the audience, as throughout everyday life, never realizes what's in store. The piece and enduring is reached out by including the primary scene inside it and tailing it with a repetitive passage of the subject in the tonic. Being the main fugue which the author included a rhythm and expressive stamping to Bach obviously felt emphatically about its substance and effect on the audience. The fugue being in his preferred key can just have helped Bach make such compelling emotive characteristics, truly express wretchedness through music and pass on the possibility that to live is to endure. Reference index: Bach, J. S. ed. Donald Francis Tovey, Forty Eight Preludes and Fugues Book I (London: The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1951) Iliffe, Frederick, Analysis of Bachs 48 Preludes Fugues Book 1 (London: Novell, n. d. ) Keller, Hermann, The Well Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach (London: Gorge, Allen Unwin, 1976) Spitta, Philipp, Johann Sebastian Bach Volume II (New York: Dover Publications, 1951) Taylor, Eric, The AB Guide To Music Theory (London: The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1989) Discography: Bach, J. S. The Well-Tempered Clavier Book I, Robert Levin (2000. Reduced Disk. Hello there nssler CD92116) 1 Philipp Spitta, Johann Sebastian Bach Volume II (New York: Dover Publications, 1951), p. 176. 2 Spitta, Bach, p. 176. 3 J S Bach ed. Donald Francis Tovey, Forty Eight Preludes and Fugues Book I (London: The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1951), p. 176. 4 Eric Taylor, The AB Guide To Music Theory (London: The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1989), Glossary p.xviii. 5 Spitta, Bach, p. 176. 6 Spitta, Bach, p. 176. 7 Hermann Keller, The Well Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach (London: Gorge, Allen Unwin, 1976), p. 126. 8 Frederick Iliffe, Analysis of Bachs 48 Preludes Fugues Book 1 (London: Novell, n. d. ), p. 82-3 9 Iliffe, Analysis, p. 82 10 Keller, Well-Tempered Clavier, p. 126-7 11 Bach ed. Tovey, Forty Eight Preludes Fugues, p. 176 and Keller, Well-Tempered Clavier, p. 126 12 Iliffe, Analysis, p. 82 History An: Assignment 1 Bach Fugue No. 24 Pete Town 20243270.

Blog Archive Dean Profiles Paul Danos, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth

Blog Archive Dean Profiles Paul Danos, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth Business school deans are more than administrative figureheads. Their character and leadership is often reflective of an MBA program’s unique culture and sense of community. Each month, we will be profiling the dean of a top-ranking program. Today, we focus on  Paul Danos  from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. Paul Danos has served as Tuck’s dean since 1995, making his tenure one of the longest among the deans at the top-ranked business schools. His previous appointments at Tuck have included associate dean, director of the Paton Accounting Center and the Arthur Andersen Company Professor of Accounting. Danos is also considered an authority on business school administration, currently serving as the chairman of the trustees of the Consortium for Graduate Study in Management and having previously served on advisory boards for the University of Notre Dame College of Business Administration, the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, the Graduate Rassias Foundation Board of Overseers and the LEAD Council of Deans. Danos has overseen a number of strategic changes to Tuck’s curriculum during his deanship. One development, enacted as part of Tuck 2012â€"the school’s recent strategic planâ€"has been the inclusion of a mandatory mini course in the area of ethics/social responsibility. A September 2010 feature in Tuck Today titled “The Road Ahead” notes that, unlike at many other business schools, Tuck’s inclusion of an ethical component was not in reaction to the 2008 financial crisis and was in fact under way a year prior. Further, Danos argues that a lack of ethical education was not a driving factor behind the crisis but rather that financial leaders had too limited a scope of ethical responsibility and lacked the critical and analytical tools to confront the problem, stating, “The lesson you learn is that it takes more than what I would call conventional ethics to be a responsible leader.” In a February 2012 U.S. News World Report article, Danos explained that business education requires a more holistic reevaluation of   pedagogy in the wake of the financial crises, stating, “No matter who is ultimately to blame, lessons for anyone who purports to be educating leaders abound, and because so many of the bankers involved had MBA degrees, business schools must analyze the whole series of causes and effects, and try to draw conclusions about appropriate modifications to their own programs.” Consequently, in addition to requiring that students complete a mini course in ethics and social responsibility, Tuck introduced its research-to-practice seminar format, which integrates faculty research, an intimate class size (fewer than 20 students) and an emphasis on critical analysis. This integrated approach embodies what the aforementioned Tuck Today article refers to as “the Danos Doctrineâ€"a recognition that an increasingly complex business world demands more varied and different skills of its leaders.” Share ThisTweet Dartmouth College (Tuck) Professor Profiles

Why Is It Important For Study Geography - 1227 Words

The attempts to visualize the world has been existed for a long time. From Ptolemy’s map to the Google Maps, we have experimented with, and improved the skill to track the physical features of the Earth that we live on, and human activities. Then, in modern society, it is required to study geography in many educational institutions. Why is it so important to study geography? There are few reasons why we should all learn geography. First of all, Technology alters relationships between places. As the technology developed through the years, many aspects of interrelationship changed. Communication is improving; you don’t have to wait for a month for your letter that is delivered by a train, you can call to a person all the way on the other side of the earth and speak right away. Also, transportation has advanced too. Before, people couldn’t even imagine going outside of country, but now it takes less than 12 hours go all the way across the Pacific Ocean. These kinds of rapid changes has brought some significant alterations in international relationship. To keep up with this hasty world, it is important for us to understand geography because geography studies not only physical features, but also human activities. Secondly, understanding places became more important than before. Due to the advancement of technology, the world became smaller than ever before; therefore, understanding different places has become a crucial value for future leaders. Compare to 50 years ago, ourShow MoreRelatedGeography : The Five Themes Of Geography740 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is geography, and why do we study it? Geography is the study of the physical features of the Earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries. We study Geography to understand basic physical systems that affect everyday life. Also, to understand the geography of past times and how geography has played important roles in the evolution of people, their ideas, places and environmentRead MoreHuman Geography And Development Studies1622 Words   |  7 Pagesshape the world and create strong relationships between the environment and society. Human geography and development studies are two fields seeking to analyse these interrelationships and answer key questions about major issues in the world such as poverty, inequality and conflict. Human geography is largely about studying the spatial aspects of relationships between people and society whereas development studies focusses more on the way societies functi on, focussing on issues such as poverty and inequalityRead MoreImportance Of Geography Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesKerrigan Moore Why is Geography Important? Mrs. Bezy Geography Honors Period 8 8/14/17 Why is Geography Important? 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Geography is when you study features of the earth and its atmosphere, human species and how human activity affect and are affected by these things. Geographers often tell people they study the â€Å"why of where.† Geographers often have to explain their interests in all the patterns of human and natural experiences and as they happen in certain places. Have you heard of the five themes of geography? The five themes of geography are: Location, Region, Movement, and Human/environmentRead MoreDr. Steven M. Quiring1523 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessor and graduate director in the Department of Geography at Texas AM University. As his research assistant, I felt so happy to work with such an excellent, patient, and easygoing scholar over this semester. And I was fortunate to be assigned to interview him so as to have an opportunity to know him better. Dr. Quiring and I met at his office on Tuesday, November 17th. 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Two termsRead MoreGeography Is Not The Way For A Successful Career Opportunity1069 Words   |  5 Pages Often geography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ is avoided by students who have decided that geosciences â€Å"a general term used to describe a wide range of specialized scientific fields within the broad areas of geology and resource management† (Clarke, Earle, and Wallace, 2006) is not the way to a successful career opportunity. Many students believe that obtaining a geography degree will get them nowhere, but I believe differently. Geography is not just learning the capital cities of Canada, drawing maps or even writingRead MoreHuman Geography : The Way People Interact With Each Other And Their Environment844 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Geography is the way people interact with each other and their environment. Here are a few ways people interact with each other. People from countries in Africa and the Middle East migrate illegally to Europe through boat rides and walking by foot from country to country. Due to the war and poverty in their countries, people migrate to other countries. This causes separation of families, increased border control in European countries, and resentment against people of color in European countriesRead MoreGeography as a Science Essay examples1235 Words   |  5 PagesGeography as a Science Science, by definition, is: ‘†¦the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 Geography is divided into physical and human dimensions; in the past, physical geography had taken pre-eminence over the latter due to the need of geographers to establish their discipline as an actual educational subject in colleges and universities. They therefore needed to impress

The French Revolution Essay - 907 Words

During the eighteenth century, France was one of the most richest and prosperous countries in Europe, but many of the peasants were not happy with the way France was being ruled. On July 14, 1789, peasants and soldiers stormed the Bastille and initiated the French Revolution. This essay will analyze the main causes of the French Revolution, specifically, the ineffectiveness of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, the dissatisfaction of the Third Estate, and the Enlightenment. It will also be argued that the most significant factor that caused the French Revolution is the ineffective leadership of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The first and main reason for the French Revolution was the terrible leadership of King Louis XVI and†¦show more content†¦When they were brought back to be imprisoned in Paris, they French citizens looked at them with even more disgust and this soon led to the execution of King Louis and Marie Antoinette. Another cause of the French Revolution is the dissatisfaction of the Third Estate, which consisted of the middle class, town workers and peasants. One of the major reasons for their discontent was that they had to pay taxes whereas the First Estate, the clergy, and the Second Estate, the nobles, didn’t have to. The Third Estate had to pay different types of taxes including income tax, feudal tax, a tax on wine and a tax on salt. This took a toll on the peasants, as it was often very difficult for them to sustain their families as well as pay all these taxes. There were also terrible harvests due to hailstorms in the years 1788 and 1789, which lead to less wheat and the skyrocketing increase in the price of bread, causing the peasants to have even less to eat and in many cases to starve. This led to the peasants, especially the women to take action. In October 5, 1789, they marched to the palace of Versailles, armed with weapons and protested, but the protests of the Third Esta te in general were seldom heard. Sieyes describes the Third Estate as â€Å"Everything; but an everything shackled and oppressed.† (1789) This was for a political pamphlet that argued the Third Estate was the main body of France, but had too little rights. This can be seen from theShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And French Revolutions2006 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough the American and French revolutions both took place in the late 18th century, both fought for independence, and both portrayed patriotism, the revolutions are markedly different in their origins; one which led to the world’s longest lasting democracy and the other to a Napoleonic Dictatorship. Political revolutions in America and France happened because people felt dissatisfied with the way their country was run. 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While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pages The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1321 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution The French Revolution was an iconic piece of history that help shape the world. It was a time were great battles occurred. Blood sheds happen almost every day. The streets were red by the blood of bodies that were dragged from being beheaded. The economy was in bad shape. But before all of this the French had a few goals but there was one goal that they all wanted and that was to get rid of the monarchy. This idea did not arrive out of nowhere, the commoners were influenceRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1223 Words   |  5 Pages French Revolution As the Enlightenment began in the middle of the 17th century, people began to use reason rather than stick to tradition. New Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe such as ideas on government. Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousenan believed that the best government was one formed with the general consent of the people. Other Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu believed in freedom of speech and a separation of power within the government. 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Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1636 Words   |  7 Pageswas an old fortress that had served as a royal prison and in which gunpowder was stored. This will be the place where Parisian crowds will lay siege on and use the gunpowder for their weapons, and this will become a great turning point in the French Revolution. 3) The Great Fear was the vast movement that the peasant insurgency of sacking nobles’ castles and burning documents would blend into. This attack was mainly because of seigneurial dues and church tithes that weighed heavily on many peasants

Science And Religion Are Incompatible By Jerry A. Coyne

Day to day, different theories of evolution are combated and criticized through the highly intensive backlash and ideologies that results from the conflict that arises between the tension of science and religion’s constant battle. The many different conspiracies that explore and analyze the conflict that surrounds science and religion, such as the â€Å"Monkey Trial† in 1925 to even the current debate about school teachers and the forbidding of teaching theories of evolution, have challenged the ways in which we view whether it is science or religion that has had a more influential factor in explaining and conceptualizing theories of evolution (Coyne, p.3). Many people assume the position of one who believes in accommodationism and the tolerance of both science and religion equally contributing to theories of evolution, however some bluntly disagree. Faith vs. Fact: Why Science and Religion Are Incompatible by Jerry A. Coyne is an enlightening book that aims and challen ges the idea that science and religion are compatible as author Coyne believes that the methodologies, and ways of assessing the reliance of these methods that are used to generate knowledge about reality differentiate greatly between the realms of science and religion. In fact, author Coyne believes that many of the methods and ideologies that relate and support religion’s claims towards reality are falsely justified as evidence to support faith is difficult to produce. Many different readers of Coyne’s book haveShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of The Human Race1681 Words   |  7 Pagesfully proven. There are two ideologies that the human race has adopted into giving reason for our existence as well as our evolution; this being, religion, and science. Science and religion have been in a conflicting battle against each other in discovering truth about the universe and their main ideas disregard the other making them ultimately incompatible. Throughout history this conf lict has been proven through, Galileo’s sentence of house arrest in 1632 over his claim of a sun-centered solar systemRead MoreCreationism Vs. Creationism : Creationism And Creationism2371 Words   |  10 PagesLunden Wright 5th Period English 10-Beasely Date Creationism vs. Evolutionism â€Å"In religion faith is a virtue; in science it’s a vice† (Jerry A. Coyne). There are many debates between creationism and evolution. Creationism is the belief that a creator created the Earth. Many religions believe in a holy creator or creators. Creationists believe that the forged Earth was complete and never changed. Evolution is the belief that all life started from a single atom and changed overtime into the worldRead MoreGuided Evolution and Intelligent Design: A Guide to the Jewish Perspective783 Words   |  3 PagesIn Science and Religion: Are They Compatible?, Alvin Plantinga argues that proponents of naturalism, like Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett, tell us that, according to the theory of evolution, neither God nor any other agent has designed or created the living world, and that evolution, therefore, clearly contradicts the central tenant of theistic religion (which Dennett labels â€Å"entirely gratuitous fantasy† ). If what these experts say is true and we must understand evolution only in the contextRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBehavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 2 5 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for ReviewRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesduplicate the popular appeal of the best-selling books nor to utilize the common formula of recounting anecdotal incidents of successful organizations and well-known managers. We have produced a book that remains true to, and is based on, social science and business research. We want to share with you what is known and what is not known about how to develop management skills and how to foster productive, healthy, satisfying, and growth-producing relationships with others in your work setting. Developing

Integration versus generic approach free essay sample

Integration versus Generic Approach Author Note This paper is being submitted on November 17, 2013, HS/100 Introduction to Human services course. Integration versus Generic Approach The integration concept is that which emphasis’s on the integrating of the various human services systems under one organizational or administrative system. In the most basic terms, an integrated service delivery approach serves people better, more efficiently and effectively. Integration calls for people within agencies to be involved and invested in the process of sustainable change. To achieve truly integrated services, organizations must overcome their own interests and look at clients’ needs. (Friedman and Pagan, 2011). Today technology allows human service agencies to have a comprehensive view of client need, giving caseworkers the best information to look at services across programs and to allocate available resources to assist customers. This enables agencies to deploy necessary services quickly in a well-coordinated fashion (Freidman and Pagen, 2011). The generic approach to human services, in part, has integration, but it is generally believed that the existing human services structure is most accurately described as an array of potentially related programs that deliver distinct benefits or services to narrowly defined target populations. We will write a custom essay sample on Integration versus generic approach or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These programs are usually separate and distinct, through which money, regulations, and professional norms, and expectations flow. While some overlapping across programs has always existed, each usually operates in a relatively self-contained manner (Corbett and Noyes, 2008). I believe that the integration approach serves our publics best interest. To have all systems and programs come together to see the big picture, to focus on all the problems together, instead of having to go place to place to work on separate issues Unfortunately, a  ready-made definition of service integration does not exist. We have not been able to find a magic threshold that marks the separation of unintegrated service systems from those we would characterize as integrated (Corbett and Noyes, 2008). (Ragan, 2003) states, â€Å"There is no single answer. Based on observations†¦service integration is a combination of strategies that simplifies and facilitates clients’ access to benefits and services. Each site has implemented a distinctive mix of strategies, processes, and partner agencies†.

Poverty in the United States

The poverty threshold of the United States (U.S) indicates that an approximate of (13-17) percentage of the United States’ population fall below the poverty line. This translates to 39.1 million poor people. Those living in the rural areas are poorer compared to those in suburban areas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has been found that the poverty is a cyclic process varying with time. The level goes up and down regardless of age, region, or family size. It is ironical that as poor as the country is, it registers the highest number of immigrants per annum. Inadequate fundamental learning, a wide gap between the incomes of the o-level learners and the professionals, among others, are some of the cited causes of the poverty, but lack of employment is the root cause. According to Adams, the United States has failed to create enough jobs for it s people (2001). A large number of its population is unemployed. It is from a job where the Americans ought to obtain their income, which in turn develops the country starting from the family level. One can choose to create his/her own job or otherwise opt to be employed. In U.S, very few have their own jobs to absorb the jobless, and this affects much the American youth. The young people are much energetic and innovative and given the opportunity, they can develop and change the situation of a country. Since the reverse is the reverse is the case in U.S, unemployment remains the root cause of its poverty. If a country could manage to provide basic education to more than half its people, poverty could appear nowhere in the country. Bradley says that a large number of the children in United States lack the elemental knowledge (2003). There exist a positive correlation between education and employment, which in turn correlates with poverty. It appears like a culture in America where c hildren get the mandate to choose between leisure and education. Majority prefer the former to the latter. Any employer focuses much on the educational background of a willing employee before giving him/her the job. In the case of U.S, countless never qualify for the jobs even if the opportunity arises because of their poor learning backgrounds. This brings the reason as to why learned strangers are ever securing the few jobs leaving the American redundant. Once they secure them, they expand their own countries rather than U.S and hence its high poverty levels. Another problem associated with poverty in the U.S is the high government taxes. Majority of the employed people in U.S are foreigners and not citizens of the country. As it is the case for any employed person, he/she is liable of taxation by the government. The few employed U.S citizens suffer the high taxes though their salaries are equally high.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Hacker, they are unable to, not only develop their country, but also themselves (2006). The remaining category of employed non-citizens experiences a double taxation. They pay taxes for both U.S and their countries giving them not even a chance to uplift U.S, which is left poorer than before. In conclusion, it is often mistaken that adequate food and good heath facilities can eliminate poverty. This is not the case because in U.S, these are there but poverty still prevails. Efforts have been made to improve the academic facilities of the country but foreigners only enjoy these services and in turn secure the available jobs rendering the American unemployed. This unemployment makes the United States a poor country. Reference List Adams, J., Pearlie, S. (2001). Dealing With Diversity. Chicago, IL: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Bradley, D. (2003). Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Dem ocracies: American Sociological Review. 68(3), 22-51. Hacker, J. (2006). The Great Risk Shift: The New Insecurity and the Decline Of The  American Dream. New York: Oxford University Press. This essay on Poverty in the United States was written and submitted by user Arnim Zola to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Historiographic Metafiction Essay Example

Historiographic Metafiction Essay Example Historiographic Metafiction Essay Historiographic Metafiction Essay Essay Topic: Absalom Absalom Don Quixote Book I Dostoevsky Jorge Borges Short Stories Kurt Vonnegut Short Stories Slaughterhouse Five Song of Solomon The frontiers of a book are neer distinct: beyond the rubric. the first lines. and the last full-stop. beyond its internal constellation and its independent signifier. it is caught up in a system of mentions to other books. other texts. other sentences: it is a node within a web. -Foucault What we tend to name postmodernism in literature today is normally characterized by intense self-reflexivity and overtly parodic intertextuality. In fiction this means that it is normally metafiction that is equated with the postmodern. Given the scarceness of precise definitions of this debatable period appellation. such an equation is frequently accepted without inquiry. What I would wish to reason is that. in the involvements of preciseness and consistence. we must add something else to this definition: an every bit self-aware dimension of history. My theoretical account here is postmodern architecture. that resolutely parodic remembering of the history of architectural signifiers and maps. The subject of the 1980 Venice Biennale. which introduced postmodernism to the architectural universe. was The Presence of the Past. The term postmodernism. when used in fiction. should. by analogy. best be reserved to depict fiction that is at one time metafictional and historical in its reverberations of the texts and contexts of the yesteryear. In order to separate this self-contradictory animal from traditional historical fiction. I would wish to label it historiographic metafiction. The class of novel I am believing of includes One Hundred Old ages of Solitude. Ragtime. The Gallic Lieutenant’s Woman. and The Name of the Rose. All of these are popular and familiar novels whose metafictional self-reflexivity ( and intertextuality ) renders their inexplicit claims to historical veracity slightly debatable. to state the least. 3 LINDA HUTCHEON In the aftermath of recent assaults by literary and philosophical theory on modernist formalist closing. postmodern American fiction. in peculiar. has sought to open itself up to history. to what Edward Said ( The World ) calls the world. But it seems to hold found that it can no longer do so in any guiltless manner: the certainty of direct mention of the historical novel or even the nonfictional novel is gone. So is the certainty of self-reference implied in the Borgesian claim that both literature and the universe are every bit assumed worlds. The postmodern relationship between fiction and history is an even more complex one of interaction and common deduction. Historiographic metafiction works to locate itself within historical discourse without give uping its liberty as fiction. And it is a sort of earnestly dry lampoon that effects both purposes: the intertexts of history and fiction take on analogue ( though non equal ) position in the parodic reworking of the textual yesteryear of both the world and literature. The textual incorporation of these intertextual yesteryear ( s ) as a constituent structural component of postmodernist fiction maps as a formal marker of historicity-both literary and worldly. At first glimpse it would look that it is merely its changeless dry signaling of difference at the very bosom of similarity that distinguishes postmodern lampoon from medieval and Renaissance imitation ( see Greene 17 ) . For Dante. as for E. L. Doctorow. the texts of literature and those of history are every bit just game. Nevertheless. a differentiation should be made: Traditionally. narratives were stolen. as Chaucer stole his ; or they were felt to be the common belongings of a civilization or community †¦ These noteworthy occurrences. imagined or existent. put outside linguistic communication the manner history itself is supposed to. in a status of pure occurrence ( Gass 147 ) . Today. there is a return to the thought of a common dianoetic property in the embedding of both literary and historical texts in fiction. but it is a return made debatable by overtly metafictional averments of both history and literature as human concepts. so. as human illusions-necessary. but none the less illusive for all that. The intertextual lampoon of historiographic metafiction enacts. in a manner. the positions of certain modern-day historians ( see Canary and Kozicki ) : it offers a sense of the presence of the past. but this is a past that can merely be known from its texts. its traces-be they literary or historical. Clearly. so. what I want to name postmodernism is a self-contradictory cultural phenomenon. and it is besides one that operates across many traditional subjects. In modern-day theoretical discourse. for case. we find enigmatic contradictions: those consummate denials of command. totalising negations of totalization. uninterrupted attest4 HISTORIOGRAPHIC METAFICTION ings of discontinuity. In the postmodern novel the conventions of both fiction and historiography are at the same time used and abused. installed and subverted. asserted and denied. And the dual ( literary/historical ) nature of this intertextual lampoon is one of the major agencies by which this paradoxical ( and specifying ) nature of postmodernism is textually inscribed. Possibly one of the grounds why there has been such het argument on the definition of postmodernism late is that the deductions of the doubleness of this parodic procedure have non been to the full examined. Novels like The Book of Daniel or The Public Burning-whatever their complex intertextual layering-can surely non be said to shun history. any more than they can be said to disregard either their moorages in societal world ( see Graff 209 ) or a clear political purpose ( see Eagleton 61 ) . Historiographic metafiction manages to fulfill such a desire for worldly anchoring piece at the same clip questioning the very footing of the authorization of that anchoring. As David Lodge has put it. postmodernism short-circuits the spread between text and universe ( 239-4 0 ) . Discussions of postmodernism seem more prone than most to confounding self-contradictions. once more possibly because of the self-contradictory nature of the topic itself. Charles Newman. for case. in his provocative book The Post-Modern Aura. Begins by specifying postmodern art as a commentary on the aesthetic history of whatever genre it adopts ( 44 ) . This would. so. be art which sees history merely in aesthetic footings ( 57 ) . However. when contending an American version of postmodernism. he abandons this metafictional intertextual definition to name American literature a literature without primary influences. a literature which lacks a known parentage. enduring from the anxiety of non-influence ( 87 ) . As we shall see. an scrutiny of the novels of Toni Morrison. E. L. Doctorow. John Barth. Ishmael Reed. Thomas Pynchon. and others casts a sensible uncertainty on such dictums. On the one manus. Newman wants to reason that postmodernism at big is resolutely parodic ; on the other. he asserts that the American postmodern intentionally puts distance between itself and its literary ancestors. an obligatory if on occasion conscience-stricken interruption with the past ( 172 ) . Newman is non entirely in his screening of postmodern lampoon as a signifier of dry rupture with the yesteryear ( see Thiher 214 ) . but. as in postmodernist architecture. there is ever a paradox at the bosom of that post : sarcasm does so tag the difference from the past. but the intertextual echoing at the same time works to affirm-textually and hermeneutically-the connexion with the yesteryear. When that yesteryear is the literary period we now seem to label as 5 LINDA HUTCHEON modernism. so what is both instated and so subverted is the impression of the work of art as a closed. self-sufficient. independent object deducing its integrity from the formal interrelatednesss of its parts. In its characteristic effort to retain aesthetic liberty while still returning the text to the world. postmodernism both asserts and so undersell this formalized position. But this does non ask a return to the universe of ordinary world. as some have argued ( Kern 216 ) ; the world in which the text situates itself is the world of discourse. the world of texts and intertexts. This world has direct links to the universe of empirical world. but it is non itself that empirical world. It is a modern-day critical truism that pragmatism is truly a set of conventions. that the representation of the existent is non the same as the existent itself. What historiographic metafiction challenges is both any naif realist construct of representation and any every bit naif textualist or formalist averments of the entire separation of art from the universe. The postmodern is selfconsciously art within the archive ( Foucault 92 ) . and that archive is both historical and literary. In the visible radiation of the work of authors such as Carlos Fuentes. Salman Rushdie. D. M. Thomas. John Fowles. Umberto Eco. every bit good as Robert Coover. E. L. Doctorow. John Barth. Joseph Heller. Ishmael Reed. and other American novelists. it is difficult to see why critics such as Allen Thiher. for case. can think of no such intertextual foundations today as those of Dante in Virgil ( 189 ) ’ Are we truly in the thick of a crisis of religion in the possibility of historical culture ( 189 ) ? Have we of all time non been in such a crisis? To lampoon is non to destruct the yesteryear ; in fact. to lampoon is both to enshrine the yesteryear and to oppugn it. And this is the postmodern paradox. The theoretical geographic expedition of the vast dialogue ( Calinescu. 169 ) between and among literatures and histories that configure postmodernism has. in portion. been made possible by Julia Kristeva’s early reworking of the Bakhtinian impressions of polyphonic music. dialogism. and heteroglossia-the multiple voicings of a text. Out of these thoughts she developed a more purely formalist theory of the irreducible plurality of texts within and behind any given text. thereby debaring the critical focal point off from the impression of the topic ( here. the writer ) to the thought of textual productiveness. Kristeva and her co-workers at Tel Quel in the late 1960ss and early 1970ss mounted a corporate onslaught on the initiation topic ( assumed name: the romantic platitude of the writer ) as the original and arising beginning of fixed and fetishized significance in the text. And. of class. this besides put into inquiry the full impression of the text as an independent entity. with subjective significance. 6 HISTORIOGRAPHIC METAFICTION In America a similar formalist urge had provoked a similar onslaught much earlier in the signifier of the New Critical rejection of the intentional fallacy ( Wimsatt ) . However. it would look that even though we can no longer speak comfortably of writers ( and beginnings and influences ) . we still need a critical linguistic communication in which to discourse those dry allusions. those re-contextualized citations. those double-edged lampoons both of genre and of specific plants that proliferate in modernist and postmodernist texts. This. of class. is where the construct of intertextuality has proved so utile. As subsequently defined by Roland Barthes ( Image 160 ) and Michael Riffaterre ( 142-43 ) . intertextuality replaces the challenged authortext relationship with one between reader and text. one that situates the venue of textual significance within the history of discourse itself. A literary work can really no longer be considered original ; if it were. it could hold no significance for its reader. It is merely as portion of anterior discourses that any text derives intending and significance. Not surprisingly. this theoretical redefining of aesthetic value has coincided with a alteration in the sort of art being produced. Postmodernly parodic composer George Rochberg. in the line drive notes to the Nonesuch recording of his String Quartet no. 3 articulates this alteration in these footings: I have had to abandon the impression of originality. ’ in which the personal manner of the creative person and his self-importance are the supreme values ; the chase of the one-idea. uni-dimensional work and gesture which seems to hold dominated the esthetics of art in the aoth century ; and the standard thought that it is necessary to disassociate oneself from the yesteryear. In the ocular humanistic disciplines excessively. the plants of Shusaku Arakawa. Larry Rivers. Tom Wesselman. and others have brought approximately. through parodic intertextuality ( both aesthetic and historical ) . a existent skewing of any romantic impressions of subjectiveness and creativeness. As in historiographic metafiction. these other art signifiers parodically cite the intertexts of both the world and art and. in so making. contend the boundaries that many would unquestioningly utilize to divide the two. In its most utmost preparation. the consequence of such contesting would be a break with every given context. breeding an eternity of new contexts in a mode which is perfectly illimitable ( Derrida 185 ) . While postmodernism. as I am specifying it here. is possibly slightly less indiscriminately extended. the impression of lampoon as opening the text up. instead than shuting it down. is an of import 1: among the many things that postmodern intertextuality challenges are both closing and individual. centralised significance. Its willed and wilful provisionality rests mostly upon its credence of the inevitable textual infiltration of anterior dianoetic 7 LINDA HUTCHEON patterns. Typically contradictory. intertextuality in postmodern art both provides and undermines context. In Vincent B. Leitch’s footings. it posits both an uncentered historical enclosure and an abysmal decentered foundation for linguistic communication and textuality ; in so making. it exposes all contextualizations as limited and restricting. arbitrary and restricting. self-serving and autocratic. theological and political. However paradoxically formulated. intertextuality offers a liberating determinism ( 162 ) . It is possibly clearer now why it has been claimed that to utilize the term intertextuality in unfavorable judgment is non merely to avail oneself of a utile conceptual tool: it besides signals a prise de place. un title-holder de reference ( Angenot 122 ) . But its utility as a theoreticalframework that is both hermeneutic and formalist is obvious in covering with historiographic metafiction that demands of the reader non merely the acknowledgment of textualized hints of the literary and historical yesteryear but besides the consciousness of what has been done-through irony-to those hints. The reader is forced to admit non merely the inevitable textuality of our cognition of the past. but besides both the value and the restriction of that ineluctably dianoetic signifier of cognition. situated as it is between presence and absence ( Barilli ) . aura Calvina’s Marco Polo in Invisible Cities both is and is non the historical Marco Polo. How can we. today. know the Italian adventurer? We can merely make so by manner of texts-including his ain ( Il Milione ) . from which Calvino parodically takes his frame narrative. his travel secret plan. and his word picture ( Musarra 141 ) . Roland Barthes one time defined the intertext as the impossibleness of life outside the infinite text ( Pleasure 36 ) . thereby doing intertextuality the very status of textuality. Umberto Eco. authorship of his novel The Name of the Rose. claims: 1 discovered what authors have ever known ( and have told us once more and once more ) : books ever speak of other books. and every narrative tells a narrative that has already been told ( 20 ) . The narratives that The Name of the Rose retells are both those of literature ( by Arthur Conan Doyle. Jorge Luis Borges. James Joyce. Thomas Mann. T. S. Eliot. among others ) and those of history ( mediaeval histories. spiritual testimonies ) . This is the parodically twofold discourse of postmodernist intertextuality. However. this is non merely a double introspective signifier of aestheticism: the theoretical deductions of this sort of historiographic metafiction coincide with recent historiographic theory about the nature of history authorship as narrativization ( instead than representation ) of the past and about the nature of the archive as the textualized remains of history ( see White. The Question ) . 8 HISTORIOGRAPHIC METAFICTION In other words. yes. postmodernism manifests a certain invagination. a self-aware turning toward the signifier of the act of composing itself ; but it is besides much more than that. It does non travel so far as to establish an expressed actual relation with that existent universe beyond itself. as some have claimed ( Kirernidjian 238 ) . Its relationship to the worldly is still on the degree of discourse. but to claim that is to claim rather a batch. After all. we can merely know ( as opposed to experience ) the universe through our narrations ( past and present ) of it. or so postmodernism argues. The present. every bit good as the yesteryear. is ever already irremediably textualized for us ( Belsey 46 ) . and the open intertextuality of historiographic metafiction serves as one of the textual signals of this postmodern realisation. Readers of a novel like Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five do non hold to continue really far before picking up these signals. The writer is identified on the rubric page as a fourth-generation German-american now populating in easy fortunes on Cape Cod ( and smoking excessively much ) . who. as an American foot lookout hors de combat. as a captive of war. witnessed the fire-bombing of Dresden. Germany. The Firenze of the Elbe. ’ a long clip ago. and survived to state the narrative. This is a fresh slightly in the telegraphic schizophrenic mode of narratives of the planet Tralfamadore. where the winging disks come from. Peace. The character. Kurt Vonnegut. appears in the novel. seeking to wipe out his memories of the war and of Dresden. the devastation of which he saw from Slaughterhouse-Five. where he worked as a POW. The fresh itself opens with: All this happened. more or less. The war parts. anyhow. are reasonably much true ( 7 ) . Counterpointed to this historical context. nevertheless. is the ( metafictionally marked ) Billy Pilgrim. the oculist who helps rectify faulty vision-including his ain. though it takes the planet Tralfamadore to give him his new position. Billy’s fantasy life Acts of the Apostless as an fable of the author’s ain supplantings and delaies ( i. e. . his other novels ) that prevented him from composing about Dresden before this. and it is the intratexts of the novel that signal this fable: Tralfamadore itself is from Vonnegut’s The Sirens of Titan. Billy’s place in Illium is from Player Piano. characters appear from Mother Night and God Bless You. Mr. Rosewater. The intertexts. nevertheless. map in similar ways. and their birthplace is once more dual: there are existent historical intertexts ( docudramas on Dresden. etc. ) . assorted with those of historical fiction ( Stephen Crane. Celine ) . But there are besides structurally and thematically affiliated allusions: to Hermann Hesse’s Journey to the East and to assorted plants of scientific discipline fiction. Popular 9 LINDA HUTCHEON and high-art intertexts mingle: Valley of the Dolls meets the verse form of William Blake and Theodore Roethke. All are just game and all get re-contextualized in order to dispute the imperialistic ( cultural and political ) outlooks that conveying about the Dresdens of history. Thomas Pynchon’s V. uses dual intertexts in a likewise loaded manner to officially ordain the author’s related subject of the entropic destructiveness of humanity. Stencil’s dossier. its fragments of the texts of history. is an amalgam of literary intertexts. as if to remind us that there is no 1 writable truth’ about history and experience. merely a series of versions: it ever comes to us stencillized' ( Tanner 172 ) . And it is ever multiple. like V’s individuality. Patricia Waugh notes that metafiction such as Slaughterhouse-Five or The Public Burning suggests non merely that composing history is a fictional act. runing events conceptually through linguistic communication to organize a world-model. but that history itself is invested. like fiction. with interrelating secret plans which appear to interact independently of human design ( 48-49 ) . Historiographic metafiction is peculiarly doubled. like this. in its inscribing of both historical and literary intertexts. Its particular and general remembrances of the signifiers and contents of history composing work to familiarise the unfamiliar through ( really familiar ) narrative constructions ( as Hayden White has argued [ The Historical Text. 49-50 ] ) . but its metafictional selfreflexivity works to render debatable any such familiarisation. And the ground for the sameness is that both existent and imagined universes come to us through their histories of them. that is. through their hints. their texts. The ontological line between historical yesteryear and literature is non effaced ( see Thiher 190 ) . but underlined. The past truly did be. but we can merely know that past today through its texts. and therein lies its connexion to the literary. If the subject of history has lost its privileged position as the purveyor of truth. so so much the better. harmonizing to this sort of modern historiographic theory: the loss of the semblance of transparence in historical authorship is a measure toward rational self-awareness that is matched by metafiction’s challenges to the presumed transparence of the linguistic communication of realist texts. When its critics attack postmodernism for being what they see as ahistorical ( as do Eagleton. Jameson. and Newman ) . what is being referred to as postrnodern all of a sudden becomes ill-defined. for certainly historiographic metafiction. like postmodernist architecture and picture. is overtly and resolutely historical-though. true. in an dry and debatable manner that acknowledges that history is non the transparent record of any certain truth. Alternatively. such fiction 10. HISTORIOGRAPHIC METAFICTION corroborates the positions of philosophers of history such as Dominick LaCapra who argue that the past arrives in the signifier of texts and textualized remainders-memories. studies. published Hagiographas. archives. memorials. and so forth ( 128 ) and that these texts interact with one another in complex ways. This does non in any manner deny the value of history-writing ; it simply redefines the conditions of value in slightly less imperialistic footings. Recently. the tradition of narrative history with its concern for the short clip span. for the person and the event ( Braudel 27 ) . has been called into inquiry by the Annales School in France. But this peculiar theoretical account of narrative history was. of class. besides that of the realist novel. Historiographic metafiction. hence. represents a challenging of the ( related ) conventional signifiers of fiction and history through its recognition of their ineluctable textuality. As Barthes one time remarked. Bouvard and Pecuchet become the ideal precursors of the postmodernist author who can merely copy a gesture that is ever anterior. neer original. His lone power is to blend Hagiographas. to counter the 1s with the others. in such a manner as neer to rest on any of them ( Irnage 146 ) . The formal linking of history and fiction through the common denominators of intertextuality and narrativity is normally offered non as a decrease. as a shrinkage of the range and value of fiction. but instead as an enlargement of these. Or. if it is seen as a limitation-restricted to the ever already narrated-this tends to be made into the primary value. as it is in Lyotard’s pagan vision. wherein no 1 of all time manages to be the first to narrate anything. to be the beginning of even her or his ain narrative ( 78 ) . Lyotard intentionally sets up this limitation as the antonym of what he calls the capitalist place of the author as original Godhead. owner. and enterpriser of her or his narrative. Much postmodern composing portions this implied ideological review of the premises underlying romantic constructs of writer and text. and it is parodic intertextuality that is the major vehicle of that review. Possibly because lampoon itself has potentially contradictory ideological deductions ( as authorized evildoing. it can be seen as both conservative and radical [ Hutcheon 69-83 ] ) . it is a perfect manner of unfavorable judgment for postmodernism. itself self-contradictory in its conservative installation and so extremist contesting of conventions. Historiographic metafictions. like Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Old ages of Solitude. Gunter Grass’s The Tin Drurn. or Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children ( which uses both of the former as intertexts ) . use lampoon non merely to reconstruct history and memory in the face of the deformations of the history of forgetting ( Thiher 11 LINDA HUTCHEON 202 ) . but besides. at the same clip. to set into inquiry the authorization of any act of authorship by turn uping the discourses of both history and fiction within an ever-expanding intertextual web that mocks any impression of either individual beginning or simple causality. When linked with sarcasm. as in the work of Vonnegut. V. Vampilov. Christa Wolf. or Coover. lampoon can surely take on more exactly ideological dimensions. Here. excessively. nevertheless. there is no direct intercession in the universe: this is composing working through other authorship. other textualizations of experience ( Said Beginnings 237 ) . In many instances intertextuality may good be excessively limited a term to depict this procedure ; interdiscursivity would possibly be a more accurate term for the corporate manners of discourse from which the postmodern parodically draws: literature. ocular humanistic disciplines. history. life. theory. doctrine. depth psychology. sociology. and the list could travel on. One of the effects of this dianoetic pluralizing is that the ( possibly illusory but one time steadfast and individual ) centre of both historical and assumed narration is dispersed. Margins and borders gain new value. The ex-centric-as both off-center and de-centeredgets attending. That which is different is valorized in resistance both to elitist. alienated otherness and besides to the uniformizing urge of mass civilization. And in American postmodernism. the different comes to be defined in specifying footings such as those of nationality. ethnicity. gender. race. and sexual orientation. Intertextual lampoon of canonical classics is one manner of reappropriating and reformulating-with important changes-the dominant white. male. middle-class. European civilization. It does non reject it. for it can non. It signals its dependance by its usage of the canon. but asserts its rebellion through dry maltreatment of it. As Edward Said has been reasoning late ( Culture ) . there is a relationship of common mutuality between the histories of the dominators and the dominated. American fiction since the 1960ss has been. as described by Malcolm Bradbury ( 186 ) . peculiarly obsessed with its ain pastliterary. societal. and historical. Possibly this preoccupation is ( or was ) tied in portion to a demand to fmd a peculiarly American voice within a culturally dominant Eurocentric tradition ( D’haen 216 ) . The United States ( like the remainder of North and South America ) is a land of in-migration. In E. L. Doctorow’s words. We derive tremendously. of class. from Europe. and that’s portion of what Ragtime is about: the agencies by which we began literally. physically to raise European art and architecture and convey it over here ( in Trenner 58 ) . This is besides portion of what American historiographic metafiction in general is about. Critics have discussed at length the parodic 12 HISTORIOGRAPHIC METAFICTION intertexts of the work of Thomas Pynchon. including Conrad’s Heart ofDarkness ( McHale 88 ) and Proust’s first-person confessional signifier ( Patteson 37-38 ) in V. In peculiar. The Crying of Lot 49 has been seen as straight associating the literary lampoon ofJacobean play with the selectivity and subjectiveness of what we deem historical fact ( Bennett ) . Here the postmodern lampoon operates in much the same manner as it did in the literature of the 17th century. and in both Pynchon’s novel and the dramas he parodies ( John Ford’s Tis Pity She’s a Whore. John Webster’s The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi. and Cyril Tourneur’s The Revenger’s Tragedy. among others ) . the intertextual received discourse is steadfastly embedded in a societal commentary about the loss of relevancy of traditional values in modern-day life ( Bennett ) . Merely as powerful and even more hideous. possibly. is the lampoon of Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol in Ishmael Reed’s The Terrible Twos. where political sarcasm and lampoon meet to assail white Euro-centered political orientations of domination. Its construction of A Past Christmas and A Future Christmas prepares us for its initial Dickensian invocations-first through metaphor ( Money is every bit tight as Scrooge [ 4 ] ) and so straight: Ebenezer Scrooge towers above the Washington skyline. rubbing his custodies and avariciously peering over his spectacles ( 4 ) . Scrooge is non a character. but a guiding spirit of 1980 America. 1 that attends the startup of the president that twelvemonth. The fresh returns to update Dickens’ narrative. However. the rich are still cosy and comfy ( Regardless of how high rising prices remains. the wealthy will hold any sort of Christmas they desire. a spokesman for Neiman-Marcus announces [ 5 ] ) ; the hapless are non. This is the 1980 rematch of Scrooge’s winter. as mean as ajunkyard dog ( 32 ) . The Future Christmas takes topographic point after monopoly capitalist economy has literally captured Christmas following a tribunal determination which has granted sole rights to Santa Claus to one individual and one company. One strand of the complex secret plan continues the Dickensian intertext: the American president-a asinine. alcoholic. ex- ( male ) model-is reformed by a visit from St. Nicholas. who takes him on a trip through snake pit. playing Virgil to his Dante. There he meets past presidents and other politicians. whose penalties ( as in the Inferno ) conform to their offenses. Made a new adult male from this experience. the president spends Christmas Day with his black pantryman. John. and John’S crippled grandson. Though nameless. this Bantam Tim ironically outsentimentalizes Dickens’ : he has a leg amputated ; he is black ; his parents died in a auto accident. In an effort to salvage the state. the president goes on televi13 LINDA HUTCHEON Xian to denote: The jobs of American society will non travel off †¦ by raising Scroogelike attitudes against the hapless or stating baloney to the old and to the underprivileged ( 158 ) . But the concluding reverberations of the Dickens intertext are finally dry: the president is declared unfit to function ( because of his televised message ) and is hospitalized by the concern involvements which truly run the authorities. None of Dickens’ optimism remains in this black satiric vision of the hereafter. Similarly. in Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down. Reed parodically inverts Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor in order to overthrow the authorization of societal. moral. and literary order. No work of the Western humanist tradition seems safe from postmodern intertextual commendation and controversy today: in Heller’s God Knows even the sacred texts of the Bible are capable to both proof and demystification. It is important that the intertexts ofJohn Barth’s LETTERS include non merely the British eighteenth-century epistolatory novel. Don Quixote. and other European plants by H. G. Wells. Mann. and Joyce. but besides texts by Henry David Thoreau. Nathaniel Hawthorne. Edgar Allan Poe. Walt

Sociology - PowerElite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology - PowerElite - Essay Example There is a huge gap between the public and the political will as represented by the elected officials. The truth of the matter is that information is so controlled and the political will so organized that the public actually do not have a say in what goes on when it comes to policy matters. As Mills rightly points out, often the information comes to the public after a policy matter has been long decided by those in power – those our public has elected to represent their interests are quite removed from what the public actually needs. This idea is quite strange to us as we believe that it is only in the politically subversive states that policies are made without considering the public opinion. However, upon closer inspection it becomes quite clear that even in a country like ours, which holds high democratic values, public opinion is not only disregarded in a lot of policy matters, but is often influenced and tampered with by a host of ways. We have only to look at the War on Terror that America has waged as an instance of this. Mass hysteria was created using myriads of methods: mass media was constantly being fed stories of constant and ever present threats by the terrorists, and a nationalistic fervor was created by feeding the public the idea that the terrorists were against the American Way of Life. The public, therefore, wholeheartedly supported the invasion of Afghanistan (we were told Al-Qaeda was responsible for the attacks on the Twin Towers, and Al-Qaeda and its leader, Osama bin Laden, operated from Afghanistan). However, what makes the episode take a totalitarian twist is when our own President lied to us about there being Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq – we were told that that the FBI had confirmed this – and the wily dictator of Iraq was just short of using them against us, so we had no choice but to invade Iraq as well. It was much

Jerusalem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jerusalem - Research Paper Example Israel has been reported to introduce a crisis in the sewerage system and water management (Library Information and Research Service ‘a’ 347). Israel uses about 300 million liters of water daily while Palestine only has access to about 70 million liters of water daily. It has also been reported that to some extent, some Palestinians only have access to 20 liters of water daily. Moreover, West Bank and Gaza Palestinians do not have the authority to dig wells or own water tankers. Israel has also set quotas guiding the Palestinians on the amount of water they are supposed to draw from existing wells. While on the other hand Israel has put up swimming and green garden facilities (Chà ¢tel 38-142). Furthermore, despite the fact that Israel has access to about 3% of river Jordan as per the pre-1967 borders, Israel uses majority of the water. This is because it has blocked Palestine from gaining access to river Jordan by constructing National Water Carriers that divert approximately one quarter of the water Israel consumes. It has also been noted that Mekorot Israel Water Company closes down valves that supply water to Palestinians when the water supplies are low. This prevents Israel from being affected by the decrease in water supply. As if this is not enough Israel also steals water from the Palestinian West Bank water supply and sells it back to the Palestinian at an inflated rate. This is because there is no rule governing water production in Palestine (Shuval & Dwiek 163-197). Palestine also has access to water that is unhygienic as it is mixed with waste water and sewage. This is because Israel only allows about three of the 80 trucks which have spare parts to enter Gaza and West Bank a fact that has greatly contributed to the deteriorating quality of water that Palestinians have access to (Shuval & Dwiek 137). Thus one is left to wonder what rights Israel has to manage water crucially needed by the

Biography of Theodore Roethke Essay Example for Free

Biography of Theodore Roethke Essay Theodore Huebner Roethke was born in Saginaw, Michigan, the son of Otto Roethke and Helen Huebner, who, along with an uncle owned a local greenhouse. As a child, he spent much time in the greenhouse observing nature. Roethke grew up in Saginaw, attending Aurthur Hill High School, where he gave a speech on the Junior Red Cross that was published in twenty six different languages. In 1923 his father died of cancer, an event that would forever shape his creative and artistic outlooks. From 1925 to 1929 Roethke attended the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, graduating magna cum laude. Despite his family’s wish that he pursue a legal career, he quit law school after one semester. From there he spent 1929 to 1931, taking graduate courses at the University of Michigan and later the Harvard Graduate School. There he met and worked with fellow poet Robert Hillyer. When the Great Depression hit Roethke had no choice but to leave Harvard. He began to teach at Lafayette College, and stayed there from 1931 to 1935. It was here where Roethke began his first book, Open House. At Lafayette he met Stanley Kunitz, who later in life, became a great support and friend. By the end of 1935 Roethke was teaching at Michigan State College at Lansing. His career there, however, did not last long. Roethke was hospitalized for what would prove to be a bout of mental illness, which would prove to be reoccurring. However the depression, as Roethke found, was useful for writing, as it allowed him to explore a different mindset. By the time he was teaching at Michigan State Roethke’s reputation as a poet had been established. In 1936 he moved his teaching career to Pennsylvania State University, where he taught seven years. During his time there he was published in such prestigious journals as Poetry, the New Republic, the Saturday Review, and Sewanee Review. His first volume of verse, Open House, was finally published and released in 1941. Open House was favorably reviewed in the New Yorke, the Saturday Review, the Kenyon Review, and the Atlantic; W. H. Auden called it completely successful. His first work shows the influence of poetic models such as John Donne, William Blake, LÃ ©onie Adams, Louise Bogan, Emily Dickinson, Rolfe Humphries, Stanley Kunitz, and Elinor Wylie, writers whose verse had shaped the poets early imagination andstyle. In 1942 Harvard asked Roethke to deliver on of their prestigious Morris Gray lectures. Then in 1943 he left Penn State to teach at Bennington College, where he met Kenneth Burke, whom he collaborated with. The second volume of Roethkes career, The Lost Son and Other Poems was published in 1948 and included the. greenhouse poems. Roethke described the glasshouse, in An American Poet Introduces Himself and His Poems in a BBC broadcast, on the 30th of July 1953, as both heaven and hell. It was a universe, several worlds, which, even as a child, one worried about, and struggled to keep alive. He penned Open Letter in 1950, and explored eroticism and sexuality with I Need, I Need, Give Way, Ye Gates, Sensibility! O La!, and O Lull Me, Lull Me. He later wrote Praise to the End! in 1951 while at Washington University, and a telling Yale Review essay, How to Write Like Somebody Else in 1959. Roethke was awarded Guggenheim Fellowship in 1950, the Poetry magazine Levinson Prize in 1951, and major grants from the Ford Foundation and the National Institute of Arts and Letters the year after. In 1953 Roethke married Beatrice OConnell, whom he had met during his earlier at Bennington. The two spent the following spring honeymooning at W. H. Audens villa at off the coast of Italy. There Roethke began editing the galley proofs for The Waking: Poems 1933-1953 which was published later that same year, and won the Pulitzer Prize the next year. It included major works such as Elegy for Jane and Four for Sir John Davies, which was modeled on Daviess metaphysical poem Orchestra. During 1955 and 1956 the Roethke and his new wife traveled Europe, on a Fulbright grant. The following year he published a collection of works that included forty-three new poems entitled Words for the Wind, winning the Bollingen Prize, the National Book Award, the Edna St. Vincent Millay Prize, the Longview Foundation Award, and the Pacific Northwest Writers Award for it. The new poems included his famous I Knew a Woman, and Dying Man. Roethke began a series of reading tours in New York and Europe, underwritten by another Ford Foundationgrant. While visiting with friends at Bainbridge Island in 1963, Washington, Roethke suffered a fatal heart attack. During the last years of his life be had composed the sixty-one new poems that were published posthumously in The Far Field in 1964which received the National Book Awardand in The Collected Poems in 1966.

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

Capital punishment is an act of executing, killing, or putting one to death for committing hideous crimes. In the state of Georgia, crimes such as treason, murder, and aircraft high jacking, can cause conviction of the death penalty. Race, wrongful convictions, and the costs of executions are some of the controversial issues surrounding capital punishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Race plays an important role when determining the death penalty. In a study conducted by the General Accounting Office found that 82% of the population who murdered Caucasians is more likely to be convicted than those who murdered African Americans. Since 1976 there have been several interracial murders in the United States. The number of white defendants vs. black victims has represented 12 executions in the U.S. since 1976. However, there have been 192 executions of black defendants vs. white victims in the United States, which is more than quadrupled in number. The current U.S. death row population by race includes 1,457 (42%) African Americans, 353 (10%) Hispanics, 1, 580 (45.5%) Caucasians and 81 (2.3%) accounts for other races.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the General Accounting office, the United States can not prevent accidental executions of innocent people. This is primarily due to wrongful identification of defendants in many cases. Crimes are often solved with the most convenient suspect rather right or wrong, which also leads to wrongful death of innocent people. Additionally, many convicts are blamed merely because they â€Å"fit† the description of the intended suspect, which leads to erroneous convictions. Within the last century, recent studies show that more than four-hundred innocent people have been convicted of crimes caused by others. Twenty-three of the four-hundred blameless people were put to death. The death penalty has been reinstated and there have been 96 men and women found innocent minutes before their execution. This is an unjustifiable mistake that can not be corrected due to irreplaceable circumstances with life. Once life has ended, it will never be replaced.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It costs taxpayers twice as much to execute an inmate than to incarcerate him/her for life. The study mentioned above states the death penalty costs 48% more than the costs of a court trial in which the prosecutors seek life imprisonment for the defendant.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These are outrageous figures that utilize taxpayer’s dollars uselessly. The same study shows that each case ranges from 1-1.25 million dollars than the average murder case without parole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people insist that the death penalty be utilized as a preventive measure against crime.

Circumcision in South African Males vs Phillipino Males Essay

Compare and contrast the attitudes, beliefs and perspectives around a specific health issue amongst two different population groups, and consider the implications of this for clinical or community practice. Introduction A controversial health issue around the world is male circumcision. Male circumcision is the removal of part of or the entire foreskin on the penis and is a controversial topic in many countries and across many different religions. In this essay the beliefs, attitudes and perspectives of South African men will be compared those of Filipino men about medical male circumcision and traditional male circumcision. Traditional circumcisions are usually performed outside of formal medical settings by providers who have a special training but are not health care professionals. Medical circumcision alternatively is performed by a medical professional in a medical setting. According to the world health organisation (WHO), 30% of men worldwide have been circumcised, mostly in developing countries where it takes place for religious and cultural reasons (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2007a). Male circumcision is an important issue, especially in South Africa and the Philippines, as third world countries as it can be uses as a partial preventative measure against HIV infection. Description of population groups The two population groups I chose were South African men and Filipino men. I chose South African men as one of my population groups because while studying circumcision I noticed there was a lot of literature on the topic in relation to South Africa and surrounding nations and the effects it has on preventing HIV transmission. I found this population group interesting because in South Africa even though there is clear benefits in reducing HIV transmission and great publicity around the benefits only 35% of men were circumcised (WHO, 2007a). Furthermore in researching this topic I discovered multiple reasons why men chose to get circumcised, one reason was purely so they weren’t uncircumcised witch I found strange. This was the case in the Philippines, where 90% of all men are circumcised, and most saying there reason for being circumcised was so they weren’t uncircumcised (Lee, 2006). I found this reasoning interesting and decided to explore this culture for my second population group. If circumcision can reduce the chances of transmitting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases as well as reduce penile cancer it is important to understand different cultures beliefs and attitudes toward the procedure to encourage circumcision within the culture. It is also good to understand why some cultures have such high rate of circumcision compared to other cultures and countries as it may help develop strategies to promote circumcision countries with lower rates. South Africa In South Africa 57. 2% of circumcised men had traditional circumcisions and 42. 8% were medically circumcised (Connolly, Simbayi, Shanmugam, & Nqeketo, 2008). Amongst this circumcised population, the majority of the medically circumcised men were white (97. 8%) or Indian (92. 8%), compared with traditional circumcision which was mostly Black South Africans (Connolly et al. , 2008). In South Africa, more specifically within the Black South African community circumcision is done for religious and cultural reasons (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009). It is seen as a ritual that marks the passage from boyhood to manhood for the adolescent. The process usually requires boys to spend about a month in induction camps in seclusion away from women and outsiders. If they fail there initiation into man hood they are believed to be stuck as a boy for the rest of their life. The ritual is considered by the community as a sacred custom (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009). Traditionally this ritual involved traditional circumcisions and traditional initiation, however more recently some communities have allowed medical circumcision followed by traditional initiation into manhood. However there is a hostile relationship between men who were traditionally circumcised and men who were medically circumcised. While most men acknowledge medical circumcision is safer and know the benefits it has in helping prevent HIV and sexually transmitted disease, they fear that they will be ridiculed by peers and stigmatised as â€Å"cowards† and not viewed as â€Å"real men† for having the procedure done under anaesthesia (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009, p. 91). They believe that the pain makes the boys courageous, strong men and is a passage into manhood, where they can have a wife and kids. Philippines On the other hand, in the Philippines very few men are circumcised for religious or cultural reasons. Boys are usually circumcised between the ages of five and eighteen with most being circumcised between ten and fourteen (Lee, 2006). Most boys report being circumcised just so they are not uncircumcised, to avoid teasing and stigma in the community. Many Filipino men believe women prefer circumcised males, and therefor to be masculine and have a wife and children it is preferable to be circumcised. Similar to South African beliefs Filipino boys become circumcised because they do not want to be seen as â€Å"cowards† for not having the courage to go through the pain and anxiety associated with the process (Lee, 2006, p. 228). Filipino men also report getting circumcised because it was their parent’s orders or they were threatened with a beating if they chose not to or because it was just normal for a boy his age to and his friends were getting it done. Many men report being nervous for the procedure but excited to achieve the man hood they have anticipated. Most of the Filipino men submit to this social culture because they want to be seen as masculine and not as a coward. It is a social phenomenon, propelled by individuals need to conform and gain acceptance through this procedure by acquiring a range of masculine related traits and opportunities (Lee, 2006). Comparison of population groups While the two countries have different religions and cultural views, the striking similarity between the two population groups is that they both view the practice of circumcision and the pain and anxiety associated with this process as empowering to the men. Fulfilment of this ritual enhances psycho-social health because it frees them of ridicule and stigma as a â€Å"coward† (Lee, 2006, p. 228). Being circumcised means men from both cultures are considered masculine and therefore allows them to carry out tasks that are believed to be masculine such as having a family. However circumcision in South Africa is seen as a rite of passage and a sacred ritual that allows boys to become me and usually occurs later in life around the age of seventeen to twenty-one but even as late as twenty-six (Mavundla, Netswera, Bottoman, & Toth, 2009). Whereas, in the Philippines the procedure is more of a social trend, done because everyone else is getting it performed. It is also performed much earlier, most commonly between the age of ten and fourteen in the Philippines. South Africa have a more spiritual and deeper reasoning for having the procedure done, men display a deeper more conscious reasoning for having the procedure compared to Filipino men, who tend to follow the social trend (Mavundla et al. , 2009). With so many Filipino men circumcised (90%) the social trend hold strong and the even with new information about risks and benefits the majority continue to get the procedure done (Lee, 2009), while in South Africa with more information coming out more people are opting for medical circumcision with over 130 000 medical circumcisions being performed in 2010 (WHO, 2011). There is a growing trend in South Africa to have medical circumcision, whereas in the Philippines the process in considered outside the general realm of medicine and therefore is not performed in medical settings. While they have different culture and beliefs, and go about performing the procedure differently there main motive to be masculine is common amongst both population groups. Conclusion The advantages associated with being circumcised show great potential to help lower the rates of HIV and sexually transmitted disease in South Africa if more men are circumcised. The cultural transition into manhood is a barrier to overcome as medical circumcision is believed to interfere with this process. If however medical circumcision became more of a social norm as it is viewed in the Philippines, more boys would be inclined to have the procedure to fit in with the rest of the community.  The social normality of the process seems to have a greater influence on boy’s preference then cultural or religious reasons, as 90% of Filipino men are circumcised compared to 35% of South African men (Lee, 2006; WHO, 2007a). Guidelines South Africa: * Conducting community based education and information sessions on the health risks and problems associated with traditional circumcision, and how allowing medical circumcision followed by traditional initiation can reduce these risks. Train more male nurses who can perform the circumcision since most nurses in South Africa are female and boys going through initiation are not allowed contact with women because if they see women during this time they fail there initiation into man hood. * Understand the community’s rationale for the ritual circumcision and work with the community to find alternative solutions together, and trying to help reduce the stigma associated with men being medically circumcised with alternative ays to prove their strength. Philippines: * Developing circumcision clinics throughout the Philippines where boys can have the procedure performed in proper hygienic conditions. * Giving boys information about the risks and benefits of the procedure so they can more meaningfully decide to have to procedure done * Explain the procedure, and offer pain medication so that boy don’t have to feel so nervous about what is happening and have a better understanding of what going to happen.

Analysis Of Emiliano Zapata s Leadership During The...

Section A: Plan of Investigation The question asked in order to conduct this investigation is: Was Emiliano Zapata’s leadership during the Mexican Revolution more significant than Francisco Villa’s Leadership during the Mexican Revolution? This question is important because it helps understand which leader made the most significant contribution during this war. The scope of this investigation is to consider and evaluate the actions of Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution, which took place all over Mexico in the years 1910 through 1920. The method of this study is simply based on providing and discussing various sources such as Emiliano Zapata: Revolution betrayal in Mexico by S. Brunk and Pancho Villa and the Mexican Revolution composed by Manuel Plana that specifically narrate the actions taken by each leader in their respective campaigns during the Mexican Revolution. Section B: Summary of Evidence Francisco Villa in the Mexican Revolution Villa was the most popular leader of the Mexican Revolution; he based his command in the state of Chihuahua, in which he built an immense and efficient â€Å"military machine†. (Plana, 2002, p. 33) He became a colonel in the Insurgents army in 1911. (Anderson, 2000, p. 6) Villa led an army of revolutionaries into defeating federal forces in Ciudad Juarez and took control on the city. (Anderson, 2000, p. 6) Villa took control of the state of Chihuahua, soon forced Porfirio Diaz to resign from hisShow MoreRelatedEu, Nafta, Asean12786 Words   |  52 Pagesthe Council | Herman Van Rompuy(EPP) |   -   | President of the Commission | Josà © Manuel Barroso(EPP) |   -   | Speaker of the Parliament | Martin Schulz  (Samp;D) |   -   | Presidency of the Council of the Union | Demetris Christofias(Cyprus) |   -   | High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | Catherine Ashton  (Samp;D) | Legislature | Legislature of the EU |   -   | Upper house | Council of the EU |   -   | Lower house | European Parliament | Establishment |